Sea Levels

Changes in sea level refer to fluctuations in the average level of the sea surface. These changes can also be called relative changes in sea level. When sea level rises, the land or sea surface may uplift, subside, or both can occur simultaneously. The Major...

Coral Reefs and Coral Bleaching

Corals are calcareous rocks formed from the skeletons of sea animals called polyps. Polyps extract calcium salts from seawater to form hard skeletons that protect their soft bodies. Corals live in colonies on the seafloor, and new generations develop on the skeletons...

El Nino and La Nina

El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The ENSO is a climatic pattern involving temperature changes in the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, and changes in the patterns of winds, sea level pressure, and...

Marine Resources and Deposits

Ocean Resources The Ocean is a valuable natural resource for Earth It provides 200 billion pounds of food in the form of fish and shellfish each year Ocean resources create jobs, goods, and services for billions of people worldwide and have immense economic importance...

Temperature : Oceans

Oceans absorb more than 80 percent of the solar radiation that reaches the earth Water has a remarkable capacity for absorbing heat The uppermost 10 percent of the oceans contain more heat than the entire atmosphere Ocean temperature is not uniform and differs from...

Ocean Salinity

Salinity of Ocean Water Salinity refers to the total amount of dissolved salts in the sea or ocean. It is measured as the amount of salt dissolved in 1,000 grams of seawater and is expressed as ‘parts per thousand’ (ppt). A salinity of 24.7 ppt is the...
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