1. A sea is defined as a portion of the ocean that is partly surrounded by land.Seas have great geographical, political, and economical significance.
2. In oceanography, a marginal sea is a sea partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas.

Arabian Sea

• Located in the northern Indian Ocean, bordered by India, Oman, Pakistan, and Yemen.
• Important historical trade route connecting the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia.
• Influenced by monsoon winds, affecting marine life and navigation.

South China Sea

• One of the busiest maritime trade routes in the world, rich in natural resources.
• Contains numerous disputed islands and reefs among several countries.
• Supports diverse marine ecosystems including coral reefs and fisheries.

East China Sea

• Lies between China, Japan, and South Korea.
• Contains the Okinawa Trough, a deep oceanic trench.
• Subject to seasonal monsoons and typhoons.

Coral Sea

• Located off the northeast coast of Australia.
• Home to the Great Barrier Reef, the world’s largest coral reef system.
• Frequently affected by tropical cyclones.

Caribbean Sea

• Bordered by Central and South America and numerous island nations.
• Known for its clear blue waters and extensive coral reefs.
• Popular destination for tourism, shipping, and fishing.

Mediterranean Sea

• Almost entirely enclosed by Europe, Asia, and Africa.
• Historically significant as a cradle of ancient civilizations and trade.
• Characterized by warm, salty waters and diverse marine life.

Ionian Sea

• Positioned between southern Italy, Sicily, and western Greece.
• Known for deep waters and numerous islands.
• Popular for tourism and maritime activities.

Bay of Bengal

• Northeast part of the Indian Ocean, bordered by India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and others.
• Prone to cyclones and heavy monsoon rains.
• Receives freshwater inflow from major rivers like the Ganges and Brahmaputra.

Bering Sea

• Located between Alaska and Russia.
• Rich in marine biodiversity and commercial fisheries.
• Contains the Bering Strait, a key passage between the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.

Sea of Okhotsk

• Situated off the eastern coast of Russia.
• Experiences sea ice cover in winter.
• Important fishing grounds and habitat for marine mammals.

Gulf of Mexico

• Surrounded by the United States, Mexico, and Cuba.
• Major oil and gas production region.
• Frequently impacted by hurricanes.

Tasman Sea

• Lies between Australia and New Zealand.
• Known for rough seas and strong winds.
• Important for shipping and marine biodiversity.

Hudson Bay

• Large inland sea in northeastern Canada.
• Shallow and ice-covered for much of the year.
• Habitat for polar bears and migratory birds.

Sea of Japan

• Bordered by Japan, Russia, and Korea.
• Rich fishing grounds and important shipping route.
• Subject to territorial disputes between bordering nations.

Sea of Azov

• Connected to the Black Sea via the Kerch Strait.
• Shallowest sea in the world.
• Important for fisheries and regional transportation.

Caspian Sea

• Largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth.
• Borders five countries including Russia, Iran, and Kazakhstan.
• Rich in oil and natural gas reserves.

Adriatic Sea

• Lies between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula.
• Known for its clear waters and numerous islands.
• Popular tourist destination with historic coastal cities.

Baltic Sea

• Enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, and the Baltic states.
• Brackish water due to limited connection with the Atlantic Ocean.
• Sensitive to pollution and eutrophication.

Red Sea

• Between northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
• One of the warmest and saltiest seas.
• Famous for its extensive coral reefs.

Yellow Sea

• Located between China and the Korean Peninsula.
• Shallow with high sediment deposits from major rivers.
• Important for fishing and shipping.

Dead Sea

• Landlocked salt lake between Jordan and Israel.
• One of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth.
• Lowest point on Earth’s surface, famous for therapeutic mud.

Black Sea

• Surrounded by Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
• Contains a large anoxic (oxygen-free) layer below the surface.
• Important for regional trade and fisheries.

Tyrrhenian Sea

• Part of the Mediterranean, west of Italy.
• Deep basin with volcanic activity nearby.
• Popular for tourism and sailing.

Ligurian Sea

• Located between northwestern Italy and the island of Corsica.
• Known for deep waters and rich marine biodiversity.
• Includes the famous Cinque Terre coastline.

Balearic Sea

• Western Mediterranean, near the Balearic Islands of Spain.
• Popular for tourism and recreational boating.
• Part of a biologically diverse marine region.

Alboran Sea

• Westernmost part of the Mediterranean, between Spain and Morocco.
• Acts as a transition zone between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
• Influenced by complex water currents.

Sargasso Sea

• Located in the North Atlantic Ocean, defined by surrounding currents.
• Unique for its floating mats of Sargassum seaweed.
• Important spawning ground for eels and other marine species.

Aegean Sea

• Between Greece and Turkey.
• Contains thousands of islands and islets.
• Historically significant as the cradle of ancient Greek civilization.

Philippine Sea

• Largest sea in the world by area, located east of the Philippines and Taiwan.
• Bordered by the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, and the Marianas; contains the Mariana Trench, the world’s deepest oceanic trench.
• Known for frequent typhoons and rich marine biodiversity, including coral reefs and tuna fisherie

North Sea

• Bordered by the UK, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
• Major center for offshore oil and natural gas extraction.
• Important for fishing, shipping, and wind energy development.

Norwegian Sea

• Lies between Norway, Iceland, and the Svalbard archipelago.
• Influenced by the warm North Atlantic Current, keeping it mostly ice-free year-round.
• Rich in marine life, including whales, cod, and herring.

Barents Sea

• Located north of Norway and Russia, part of the Arctic Ocean.
• Ice-covered in winter but increasingly navigable due to climate change.
• Noted for rich fisheries and significant oil and gas reserves.

Gulf of Aden

• Connects the Red Sea to the Arabian Sea, bordered by Yemen and Somalia.
• Vital shipping route as part of the Suez Canal pathway.
• Known for piracy issues in the early 21st century.

Persian Gulf

• Located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.
• Contains some of the world’s largest oil reserves and export terminals.
• Warm, shallow waters with high salinity and unique marine life.

Gulf of Thailand

• Bordered by Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
• Shallow, warm waters support extensive fishing and tourism industries.
• Prone to seasonal monsoon rains and occasional tropical storms.

Andaman Sea

• Lies between the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the coast of Myanmar and Thailand.
• Known for its clear waters, coral reefs, and popular tourist destinations like Phuket.
• Important for regional shipping and fishing.

Bismarck Sea

• Located north of Papua New Guinea in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
• Named after German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.
• Rich in tuna fisheries and subject to volcanic and seismic activity.

Solomon Sea

• Situated between Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
• Known for World War II naval battles and significant marine biodiversity.
• Deep waters with active tectonic zones and frequent earthquakes.

Beaufort Sea

• Part of the Arctic Ocean, north of Alaska and Canada.
• Covered by sea ice for most of the year, but increasingly open during summer.
• Contains significant oil and gas potential and is a habitat for polar bears and whales.

Laptev Sea

• Located in the Arctic Ocean north of Siberia, Russia.
• Known for its extreme cold and large seasonal ice cover.
• Important source of freshwater to the Arctic due to river inflows.

Chukchi Sea

• Lies between Alaska and Russia, north of the Bering Strait.
• Seasonal sea ice cover, with increasing interest in shipping and resource extraction.
• Important for indigenous communities and Arctic wildlife.

White Sea

• An inlet of the Barents Sea, located in northwest Russia.
• Freezes over in winter; important for Russian shipping and fishing.
• Major port: Arkhangelsk.