Mahanadi River

By Sud
Apr 30, 2023

Mahanadi River – The Mahanadi River system is the third largest of peninsular India and the largest river of Odisha state. The word Mahanadi is a compound of the two Sanskrit words maha, which means means”great” and nadi, which means ”river”.

Mahanadi River system

  • Mahanadi River Basin Area and Coverage – The Mahanadi basin spans across Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh, covering an area of 1.4 lakh sq. km.
  • Mahanadi Basin Boundaries – It is bounded by the Central India hills on the north, by the Eastern Ghats on the south and east, and by the Maikala range on the west.
  • Mahanadi originates from – The Mahanadi river flows for a total of 560 miles (900 km) and has its source in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh.
  • Mahanadi River Rank – It is the second-largest river in terms of water potential and flood-producing capacity after the Godavari.
  • Mahanadi River Streams – Small streams between the Mahanadi and the Rushikulya that drain directly into the Chilka Lake also form part of the basin.
  • Mahanadi Basin Land Use – Over 54% of the basin is covered with agricultural land.
  • Silt in Mahanadi River – The Mahanadi river is one of the most active silt-depositing streams in the Indian subcontinent.
  • Mahanadi Flows in Which District of Odisha – At Sambalpur in Odisha, the Hirakud Dam has been constructed on the river, forming a man-made lake that is 35 miles (55 km) long.
  • Mahanadi River Route – The river enters the Odisha plains near Cuttack and empties into the Bay of Bengal at False Point via several channels.
  • Puri, located at one of the river’s mouths, is a famous pilgrimage site.

Tributaries of Mahanadi River

  1. Its upper course lies in the saucer-shaped basin called the ‘Chhattisgarh Plain’.
  2. This basin is surrounded by hills on the north, west, and south as a result of which a large number of tributaries join the main river from these sides.
  3. Left bank tributaries: The Seonath, the Hasdeo, the Mand, and the Ib.
  4. Right bank tributaries: The Ong, the Tel, and the Jonk.

SEONATH:

  • Originates from Panabaras Hill (625 m)
  • Flows towards the north-east
  • Feeds the inhabitants and industries of Durg District
  • Total length is 345km

HASDEO:

  • River originates from Chhattisgarh
  • Total length is 333km and the drainage area is 9856sqkm
  • Flows towards the south of Chhattisgarh, through Bilaspur and Korba Districts
  • Along the river lie rocks and hilly areas, thin forest areas

MAND:

  • Left-bank tributary of Mahanadi
  • Joins Mahanadi in Chandrapur before the river reaches Hirakud dam
  • Total length is 241sqkm
  • Drains an area in the range of 5200sqkm
  • Mand River dam has been constructed in the Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh

IB:

  • Left-bank tributary of Mahanadi River
  • Originates in hills in Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh
  • River runs for a distance of about 252km and drains an area of 12,447sqkm
  • Ib river valley is famous for its rich coal belt

ONG:

  • Right-bank tributary of the Mahanadi river
  • Flows across Orissa and joins Mahanadi at Sambalpur 11km up-stream of Sonepur where Tel merges
  • Drains an area of about 5128sqkm

TEL:

  • Originates in the Nabarangpur district
  • Flows through the Kalahandi, Balangir, and Sonpur districts of Orissa
  • Second-largest river of Orissa

Kathajodi River:

  • An arm of the Mahanadi River in Odisha
  • Branches off at Naraj and immediately bifurcated
  • Southern branch is known as Kuakhai, flows into the Puri district
  • Mouth is closed by a bar, little water flows except at flood times
  • Bifurcated again at Cuttack into Sidhua (right branch) and Khatajodi (left branch)
  • Cuttack City is situated between Mahanadi and Kathajodi
  • Other distributaries of Mahanadi include Paika, Birupa, Chitroptala river, Genguti, and Lun

Sukapaika River:

  • One of several distributaries of Mahanadi river in Odisha
  • Branches away from Mahanadi at Ayatpur village in Cuttack district
  • Flows for about 40 kilometers (km) before rejoining Mahanadi at Tarapur in the same district
  • Drains a large landmass comprising over 425 villages
  • Covers three blocks: Cuttack Sadar, Raghunathpur, and Nichintakoili of Cuttack
  • Important system of Mahanadi to control floodwater and maintain flow in the river as well as the Bay of Bengal
  • River is undergoing sudden barrenness

Chitroptala River:

  • River in Odisha, India
  • Distributary of the Mahanadi, situated in both Kendrapara and Cuttack districts. .

Important cities

Projects on Mahanadi River:

  • Mahanadi main canal and Tandula reservoir were completed during the pre-plan period.
  • During the plan period, the Hirakud dam, Mahanadi Delta Project, the Hasdeo Bango, and the Mahanadi Reservoir Project were completed.
  • Hirakud Dam aims at controlling floods in the Mahanadi basin, providing water for irrigation and municipal water supply.

Industry in Mahanadi River Basin:

  • Raipur, Durg, and Cuttack are important urban centers in the basin.
  • The Mahanadi basin has a favorable industrial climate due to its rich mineral resources adequate power resources
  • Important industries are the iron and steel plant at Bhilai, aluminum factories at Hirakud and Korba, a paper mill near Cuttack, and a cement factory at Sundargarh.
  • Other industries are sugar and textile mills.
  • Mining of coal, iron, and manganese are other industrial activities.

Floods in Mahanadi River Basin:

  • The basin is subject to severe flooding occasionally in the delta area due to the inadequate carrying capacity of the channels.
  • Hirakud Dam provides some amount of flood relief by storing part of the floodwater, but a lasting solution needs to be developed.

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