Biotic Interactions

Biotic interactions refer to the effects that organisms in a community have on each other. These interactions can be either intraspecific, between individuals of the same species, or interspecific, between individuals of different species. They may be short-term, such...

Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification

Bioaccumulation refers to the buildup of substances, such as pesticides or chemicals, within an organism over time. This occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate that exceeds its elimination through catabolism and excretion. As a result, if the biological...

Ecological Pyramids

An Ecological Pyramid is a visual representation of the relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. Each bar represents a trophic level based on who consumes whom. The order of bars shows the flow of energy through the ecosystem Energy flow in an ecosystem is...

Energy Flow

Energy flow in ecosystems refers to the transfer of energy from the Sun to living things. This flow is crucial for the survival of life on Earth. Solar energy is distributed among ecosystems in a complex manner, driving all metabolic activities through its basic...

Ecosystem Functions

Ecosystem functions are the processes that control the flow of energy, nutrients, and organic matter in the environment. The interactions between biotic and abiotic elements create a unique physical structure for each ecosystem. Key aspects to consider when examining...

Ecotone

An ecotone is a boundary zone between two distinct plant communities, such as a forest and grassland. This area displays characteristics of both neighboring ecosystems and often supports unique species not found in either community. Features of Ecotone: An ecotone is...
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