Marine Pollution

Oceans are the biggest water bodies on Earth. Human activities in the past few decades have greatly harmed marine life in oceans. Ocean pollution, also called marine pollution, is the spread of harmful substances into oceans, such as oil, plastic, industrial and...

Sea Levels Changes

Changes in sea level refer to fluctuations in the average level of the sea surface. These changes can also be called relative changes in sea level. When sea level rises, the land or sea surface may uplift, subside, or both can occur simultaneously. The Major...

Coral Reefs and Coral Bleaching

Corals are calcareous rocks formed from the skeletons of sea animals called polyps. Polyps extract calcium salts from seawater to form hard skeletons that protect their soft bodies. Corals live in colonies on the seafloor, and new generations develop on the skeletons...

El Nino and La Nina

El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The ENSO is a climatic pattern involving temperature changes in the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean, and changes in the patterns of winds, sea level pressure, and...

Oceanic Resources and Deposits

Ocean Resources The Ocean is a valuable natural resource for Earth It provides 200 billion pounds of food in the form of fish and shellfish each year Ocean resources create jobs, goods, and services for billions of people worldwide and have immense economic importance...