• Where is Yamuna River located? The Yamuna River starts at the Yamunotri Glacier, located on the southwestern slopes of Banderpoonch peak in the Mussoorie range of the lower Himalayas.
• Yamuna River Route – It flows through several states, including Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Delhi, before merging with the Ganga River at Triveni Sangam in Allahabad.
• Yamuna is the Largest Tributary of -The Yamuna is the largest tributary of the Ganga River in the northern plains.
• Tons is a tributary of which river? Its main affluent in the upper reaches is the Tons River, which also originates from the Bandarpunch glacier.
• Tons River Water Volume – The Tons River joins the Yamuna River below Kalsi, where the water carried by the Tons River is twice that of the Yamuna River.
• Length of Yamuna River – The Yamuna River is 1,376 km long from its origin to its confluence with the Ganga River in Allahabad.
• The Yamuna River creates the highly fertile alluvial. Yamuna-Ganges Doab region between itself and the Ganga River in the Indo-Gangetic plain.
• Route of Yamuna River – Many cities, including Bhagpat, Delhi, Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Hamirpur, and Allahabad, are located on the banks of the Yamuna River.

Major Tributaries of Yamuna River

Tons

• The Tons River is the longest tributary of the Yamuna River.
• It flows through Garhwal, the western part of the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand.
• The river originates at an elevation of 3900 m and joins the Yamuna below Kalsi near Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
• It is one of the major perennial rivers in the Indian Himalayas.

Giri

• The Giri River is a significant tributary of the Yamuna River.
• It provides the main water source for the South-Eastern region of Himachal Pradesh.
• The river is well-known in the Jubbal and Rohru hills, which rise from Kupar peak just above Jubbal town.
• After flowing across the heart of the Shimla hills, the river runs in a southeastern direction and divides the Sirmaur district into two equal parts known as Cis-Giri and Trans-Giri regions before joining the Yamuna upstream of Paonta below Mokkampur.

Hindon

• The Hindon River is a significant tributary of the Yamuna River and is situated between the Ganga River on the left and Yamuna River on the right.
• It originates from the upper Shiwalik region of the Lower Himalayas and is solely dependent on rainfall, with a catchment area of around 7,083 sq. km.
• The river spans a length of approximately 400 km and its width varies from 20 m to 160 m.

Chambal

1. Chambal River is also called Charmanwati or Charmawati.
2. It originates from Janapao Hills of the Vindhya range, located 15 km West-South-West of Mhow in Indore district in Madhya Pradesh.
3. The river is 960 km long.
4. It is used for hydropower generation at several dams, including Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam, Jawahar Sagar Dam, and the Kota Barrage.
5. Due to poor rainfall and severe erosion, the river flows much below its banks, and the Chambal Valley has many deep ravines, leading to the formation of badland topography.
6. Dams on the Chambal:
   • Gandhi Sagar dam: first of four dams on the Chambal River, on the Rajasthan-Madhya Pradesh border
   • Rana Pratap Sagar dam: located 52 km downstream of Gandhi Sagar dam, across the Chambal River in Chittorgarh district in Rajasthan
   • Jawahar Sagar Dam: third dam in the Chambal Valley Projects, located 29 km upstream of Kota city and 26 km downstream of Rana Pratap Sagar dam
   • Kota Barrage: fourth in the Chambal Valley Projects, located about 0.8 km upstream of Kota City in Rajasthan; diverts water released after power generation at Gandhi Sagar dam, Rana Pratap Sagar dam, and Jawahar Sagar Dams for irrigation in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh through canals.
7. Keoladeo National Park is supplied with water from the Chambal River irrigation project.

Banas

• Also known as ‘Van Ki Asha’ (Hope of forest),
• Originates in the Aravalli Range in Rajsamand District of Rajasthan.
• The cities of Nathdwara, Jawanpur, and Tonk lie on the river.
• Its entire, course is in Rajasthan only.

Kali Sindh

• Flows in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, that joins the Chambal River near Sawai Madhopur In Rajasthan
• Kali Sindh originates in Madhya Pradesh.

Parbati

• Originates in the northern slopes of the Vindhya Range in Madhya Pradesh, flows through Kota District and Jhalawar District of Rajasthan.
• Runs for about 436km and has a catchment area of nearly 3,070 sq miles.
• Joins the right bank of the Chambal
• The city of Guna (MP) lies on it.

Sindh

• The Sindh originates on the Malwa Plateau in Vidisha district.
• Flows north-northeast through the districts of Guna, Ashoknagar, Shivpuri, Datia, Gwalior, and Bhind in Pradesh
• Join the Yamuna River in Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh
• Flows through Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

Betwa

• Also called as Vetravati
• Rises in the Vindhya Range north of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh.
• The confluence of the Betwa and the Yamuna Rivers takes place in the Hamirpur town in Uttar Pradesh.
• Dhasan is the main tributary.
• Rajghat Dam located on the river.

Dhasan River

• It is a right-bank tributary of the Betwa River.
• It originated in Raisen District in Madhya Pradesh.
• Flows through Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Ken

• The Ken River originates from the slopes of Kaimur Range in Jabalpur district in Madhya Pradesh
• Merge with the Yamuna near Fatehpur in UP.
• The Ken Valley separates the Rewa Plateau from the Satna Plateau.
• The Ken River passes through Penna National Park.

Important places through which Yamuna passes

• State: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi
• Cities: Delhi, Noida, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Kalpi, Hamirpur, and Prayagraj lie on its banks.

Learn about the Indus, Godavari, and Brahmaputra rivers—key for UPSC geography prep.